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Modeling Quantity Risk Using Design Maturity Signals Introduction: The Contingency Problem in Preconstruction Contingency is a debated but poorly defended component of estimate building. At all (but especially early) stages of design, estimators are asked to price incomplete information while maintaining credibility with owners, design teams, and internal stakeholders. Industry-standard guidance (most notably AACE International’s recommended contingency ranges by estimate cla

I’d wager that most preconstruction professionals across the U.S. are used to estimating freight by plugging in trucking rates, fuel...